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Tense

Tense







Verb Tense Tutorial



Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to express time in their language. You may find that many English tenses do not have direct translations in your language. That is not a problem. By studying this verb tense tutorial, you will learn to think like a native English speaker. If you prefer to use the verb tense pages as a reference only and do not want to complete the tutorial, Click Here.



The tutorial should be completed as follows:
1. Read this introduction page.
2. Prepare for the exercises by reading: Types of Verbs, Active vs. Passive, and the verb tense descriptions that you want to practice.
3. Complete the exercises below. After each exercise, we have listed the tenses covered. Just click on the name of a tense to learn more about its use.


EXERCISES TOPICS COVERED

Verb Tense Exercise 1Simple Presentand Present Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 2Simple Presentand Present Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 3Simple Pastand Past Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 4Simple Pastand Past Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 5Simple Pastand Present Perfect
Verb Tense Exercise 6Simple Pastand Present Perfect
Verb Tense Exercise 7Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 8Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 9Present Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 10Present Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 11Simple Pastand Past Perfect
Verb Tense Exercise 12Simple Past,Present Perfect, and Past Perfect
Verb Tense Exercise 13Past Perfectand Past Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 14Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, and Past Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 15Present Continuous, Simple Past, Present Perfect Continuous, and Past Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 16Present and Past Tenses with Non-Continuous Verbs
Verb Tense Exercise 17Present and Past Tense Review
Verb Tense Exercise 18Will andBe Going to
Verb Tense Exercise 19Will andBe Going to
Verb Tense Exercise 20Will andBe Going to
Verb Tense Exercise 21Simple Presentand Simple Future
Verb Tense Exercise 22Simple Presentand Simple Future
Verb Tense Exercise 23Simple Futureand Future Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 24Simple Present,Simple Future, Present Continuous, andFuture Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 25Future Perfectand Future Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 26Future Perfectand Future Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 27Future Perfectand Future Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Exercise 28Future Perfectand Future Perfect Continuous
Verb Tense Practice TestCumulative Verb Tense Review
Verb Tense Final TestCumulative Verb Tense Review

Verb Tense Overview with Examples


Simple PresentSimple PastSimple Future
I study English every day.Two years ago, I studied English in England.If you are having problems, I will help you study English.

I
am going to study English next year.
Present ContinuousPast ContinuousFuture Continuous
I am studying English now.I was studying English when you called yesterday.I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.

I
am going to be studying English when you arrive tonight.
Present PerfectPast PerfectFuture Perfect
I have studied English in several different countries.I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.

I
am going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.
Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect ContinuousFuture Perfect Continuous
I have been studying English for five years.I had been studying English for five years before I moved to the U.S.I will have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive.

I
am going to have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive.



Tense






A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place. Some typical tenses are present, past, and future.




Tense can make finer distinctions than simple past-present-future; past tenses for example can cover general past, immediate past, or distant past, with the only difference between them being the distance on the timeline between the temporal reference points. Such distinctions are not precise: an event may be described in the remote past because it feels remote to the speaker, not because a set number of days have passed since it happened; it may also be remote because it is being contrasted with another, more recent, past event. This is similar to other forms of deixis such as this and that.




In absolute tense, as in English, tense indicates when the time of assertion, time of completion, or time of evaluation occurs relative to the utterance itself (time of utterance). In relative tense, on the other hand, tense is relative to some given event.




The number of tenses in a language may be disputed, because the term tense is often used to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood. In many texts the term "tense" may erroneously indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, or whether information derives from experience or hearsay (evidentiality). Tense differs from aspect, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than when. In many languages, there are grammatical forms which express several of these meanings (see tense–aspect–mood).




In languages which have tenses, they are normally usually indicated by a verb or modal verb. Some languages only have grammatical expression of time through aspect; others have neither tense nor aspect. Some East Asian isolating languages such as Chinese express time with temporal adverbs, but these are not required, and the verbs are not inflected for tense. In Slavic languages such as Russian a verb may be inflected for both tense and aspect together.



















 

 

 

 

 

The Tenses











Things can happen now, in the future or in the past. The tenses show the time of an action or state of being as shown by a verb. The verb ending is changed (conjugated) to show what time it is referring to.





Time can be split into three periods The Present (what you are doing), The Past (what you did) and The Future (what you are going to do, or hope / plan to do ).






The tenses we use to show what time we are talking about are split into the Simple, Continuous and Perfect tenses.




In English we use two tenses to talk about the present and six tenses to talk about the past. There are several ways to talk about the future some of which use the present tenses, these are:














Simple Tenses





The simple tenses are used to show permanent characteristics of people and events or what happens regularly, habitually or in a single completed action.




Continuous Tenses





The continuous tenses are used when talking about a particular point in time.




Perfect Tenses





Sometimes you need to give just a little bit more information about an action or state...and that is where the perfect tenses come in.




The perfect tenses are used when an action or situation in the present is linked to a moment in the past. It is often used to show things that have happened up to now but aren't finished yet or to emphasize that something happened but is not true anymore. When they end determines which of them you use.




Perfect tenses are never used when we say when something happened i.e. yesterday, last year etc. but can be used when discussing the duration of something i.e. often, for, always, since etc..




The Future Tenses





Discussing the future in English can seem complicated.The present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous can all be used and often it is possible to use more than one structure, but have the same meaning.









Table of English Tenses







tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words
Simple Present A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
  • action in the present taking place once, never or several times
  • facts
  • actions taking place one after another
  • action set by a timetable or schedule
always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
Present Progressive A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
  • action taking place in the moment of speaking
  • action taking place only for a limited period of time
  • action arranged for the future
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
  • action in the past taking place once, never or several times
  • actions taking place one after another
  • action taking place in the middle of another action
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
  • action going on at a certain time in the past
  • actions taking place at the same time
  • action in the past that is interrupted by another action
when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
  • putting emphasis on the result
  • action that is still going on
  • action that stopped recently
  • finished action that has an influence on the present
  • action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?
  • putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
  • action that recently stopped or is still going on
  • finished action that influenced the present
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
  • action taking place before a certain time in the past
  • sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
  • putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?
  • action taking place before a certain time in the past
  • sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
  • putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
for, since, the whole day, all day
Future I Simple A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
  • action in the future that cannot be influenced
  • spontaneous decision
  • assumption with regard to the future
in a year, next …, tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
Future I Simple (going to) A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
  • decision made for the future
  • conclusion with regard to the future
in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
  • action that is going on at a certain time in the future
  • action that is sure to happen in the near future
in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future II Simple A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
  • action that will be finished at a certain time in the future
by Monday, in a week
Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking.
N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?
  • action taking place before a certain time in the future
  • putting emphasis on the course of an action
for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional I Simple A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
  • action that might take place
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?
  • action that might take place
  • putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action
Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken.
N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
  • action that might have taken place in the past
if sentences type III
(If I had seen that, I would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive A: He would have been speaking.
N: He would not have been speaking.
Q: Would he have been speaking?




































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